The identification of severity ranges for the edinburgh. The epds is a 10item selfreport questionnaire 21 with a score range of 0 to 30 points that was initially developed to screen for depression in women within the first 6 to 8. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale black dog institute. Postpartum depression scale, postpartum depression. It also has adequate sensitivity and specificity to identify depressive symptoms in the antenatal period. This study aimed to address this gap in psychometrics by examining testretest reliability in a sample of 118 australian mothers with babies aged under 12 months, with a mean of 2. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale health navigator nz. The information in brackets gives the format and file size if known. The epds has been validated for use in both pregnancy and the. The epds is a widely used screening tool to identify clinically significant levels of depression in postpartum women traditionally, an epds cutoff score is. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has originally been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect postnatal depression, but several authors recommend its use outside of the postpartum period. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale detects but does not distinguish anxiety disorders from depression in mothers of infants. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale.
Several studies have used the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, developed to screen new mothers, also for new fathers. Responses are scored 0, 1, 2, or 3 according to increased severity of the symptom. Items marked with an asterisk are reverse scored i. A woman scoring 12 or above is most likely suffering from depression in the peripartum period. It has been utilized among numerous populations including u. Screening for antenatal depression with the edinburgh. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds free social.
Epds edinburgh postnatal dep scale patient tools family. The 10question edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a valuable and efficient way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. Evaluation of the edinburgh post natal depression scale. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds consists of 10 questions. Screening for depression during pregnancy using the. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Testretest reliability of the english version of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has not been established. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale mcpap for moms.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. The questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum. The 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most commonly used screening tool in pregnancy and postpartum. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is widely used in many countries to screen women for depression in the perinatal period. The scale can be used at six to eight weeks after birth or during pregnancy. Because depression exists along a continuum with regard to severity, this yesorno approach to the diagnosis of. Yes, sometimes i havent been coping as well as usual. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale is available in many languages. Click the download button to view the edinburgh postnatal depression scale resource. A cutoff score of 11 or higher had specificity of 0. Using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale to screen.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the instrument most commonly used to identify depression in postpartum women. Anonymous comments or comments that target individuals will not be posted please include your first and last name. The pti app administered epds is a 10 question assessment to help identify women with depression during pregnancy, and postpartum postnatal periods. Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale may be photocopied by individual researchers or clinicians for their own use without seeking permission from the publishers. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds1 the questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum depression. Subscales measuring symptoms of nonspecific depression, anhedonia, and anxiety in the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Scale epds that have been translated into languages other than english. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things. It has become routine in the uk for health visitors to administer the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds at two or three time points in the first 68 months of the postnatal period. Combined use of the postpartum depression screening scale. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Yes, most of the time i havent been able to cope at all. This is not intended to provide a diagnosis only trained health professionals should do this. The test can usually be completed in less than 5 minutes. Note that some pdfs can be quite large and may take several minutes to download. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10 item selfrating postnatal depression scale which was developed almost twenty years ago.
Pdf the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds in. This is a new resource which collates copies of the edinburgh postnatal depression. Given the peak times for postpartum depression specifically, the edinburgh scale would be appropriately integrated at the 1, 2, 4, and 6month visits. To find out where you fall on the postpartum depression scale, follow these instructions. The sensitivity and specificity of two depression screening instruments, the patient health questionnaire9 phq9 and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, were evaluated on a single sample of adults living in the city of pelotas, rs, brazil, and the results have already been published, 14. Download the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds for postpartum depression. The present study established severity cutoff scores for the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds based on a widely used depression symptom severity measure, the beck depression inventory bdi background. Increasingly there is evidence that for many women, and men, anxiety disorders can occur postnatally in the absence of depression. The scale must be copied in full and all copies must acknowledge the following source. Standardized questionnaires designed for the identification of depression are useful for monitoring individual as well as population mental health. Paternal perinatal depression assessed by the edinburgh. The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment. Below is the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds taken from the british journal of psychiatry june, 1987, vol.
The scale indicates how the mother has felt during the previous week. However, its potential to detect pcmds in culturally diverse low and lowermiddle income countries lalmics is unclear. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale nc council of churches. Testretest reliability of the english version of the. Robby steel, roch cantwell, in companion to psychiatric studies eighth edition, 2010. The perinatal clinical practice guidelines recommend that psychosocial assessment and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds be used by primary care and other health professionals to screen all women for symptoms of depression andor anxiety during the perinatal period. Patient health questionnaire9 versus edinburgh postnatal. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds. This 10question selfrating scale has been demonstrated to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. Links to the english and multilingual resources can be accessed further below. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, originally developed in britain, is one of the most widely used screening instruments for assessing symptoms of the perinatal common mental disorders pcmds of depression and anxiety. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire originally developed to assist in identifying possible symptoms of depression in the. Find out about the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, one of the tools used to assess mood in women during pregnancy and for the.
Screening for depression during pregnancy using the kurdish version of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale in erbil city. To download information click on the selected language. The scale will not detect mothers with anxiety neuroses, phobias, or personality disorders. Often called, baby blues, the symptoms can be tearfulness, unhappiness, and include sleep disturbances, low energy, irritability, feelings of guilt, and the inability to enjoy normally. This 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period.
It contained a polish translation of edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds a 10question scale with each answer scored between 0 and 3 points minimum total score 0, maximum 30, which is. Two studies examined whether women with nonpsychotic postnatal depression could be recognized and treated within existing services, using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale and a randomized, controlled trial of counseling intervention with health visitors. Its 10 polytomous items are summated to an overall score ranging from 030, with cut points to identify the likely presence of depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale august 20, 2018 agency. The sensitivity and specificity of two depression screening instruments, the patient health questionnaire9 phq9 and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, were evaluated on a single sample of adults living in the city of pelotas, rs, brazil, and the results have already been published, 14, the objective of the present study. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire originally developed to assist in identifying possible symptoms of depression in the postnatal period. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds pdf file 408 kb links to english resource. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things 6. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was originally created as a unidimensional scale to screen for postpartum depression ppd.
Association of maternal and paternal depression in the. The development of a 10item selfreport scale epds to screen for postnatal depression in the community is described. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. In doubtful cases it may be useful to repeat the tool after 2 weeks. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most widely used tool to detect postnatal depression, which can also detect depression during the antenatal period. The factor structure of the epds seems to differ across. We used the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds to assess depression symptoms in mothers and fathers at 8 weeks and 8 months after the birth of their infants. About the edinburgh postnatal depression scale the epds was developed in the 1980s by john cox, a consultant psychiatrist in the united kingdom, and his colleagues jeni holden and ruth sagovsky.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds since you are either pregnant or have recently had a baby, we want to know how you feel. This study aimed to further contribute to this knowledge by comparing assessment of possible depression in fathers and associated demographic factors by the epds and the gotland male depression scale gmds, developed for male depression screening. The epds is a simple 10item selfreport scale which reliably identifies women at high risk. Using the epds to measure postpartum depression severity.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds for postpartum. Reliability and validity of the edinburgh postnatal. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in women with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child. For a copy in another language call the uic perinatal consultation line at 18005736121.
One of the most widely used is the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, which has been validated and administered in diverse populations and languages. The psychometric properties of the icelandic version of. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate antenatal depression screening employing two scales. However, across studies the psychometric properties and cutoff scores of the epds have varied considerably. It also has adequate sensitivity and specificity to identify depressive symptoms in the antenatal period and is useful in identifying symptoms of anxiety. Data suggest that lowering the threshold to a score of 910 may increase the. After extensive pilot interviews a validation study was carried out on 84 mothers using the research diagnostic criteria for depressive illness obtained from goldbergs standardised psychiatric interview. Diagnostic accuracy of the edinburgh postnatal depression. An exploratory factor analysis supported a onefactor structure of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale that was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis showing best fit for one general factor with two group factors.